With Mac we can use many symbols, this is where the fun begins. There are a lot of symbols that actually can be made without our hand leaving the keyboard.
Symbol, symbol, symbol...

There are so many of them, don't spend too much of our precious time to memorize all of them, except you're a super genius person ever born.
Try to grasp how to read it.
Pick the symbol and type it..
So why I give out this table? Just to make you confuse? Of course not, I'm not such a wicked person. Let me share you my knowledge on using this table above.
For example, if you want to make symbol, you can see that it's in the same row and column as K and located below big sign 
. That's mean, in order to create 

, you will use keystroke 
. It's easy right?
K
There are more special symbols too..
Exactly four symbols, that are highlighted in red. They can be combined with any vocal.
Example :
and so on.. I will not ruin your fun, experiment with those symbols yourself.
Actually I got this idea from..
Tips from apple Typing Like a European and article from TUAW Mac 101: Typing accents, remember the option key.